The evaluation of my second oral presentation

1- watch your presentation and answer the following questions:
NAME & TOPIC: English universities

Presentation:
-Did you use any resources? Were the recources elegant and attractive?To do this presentation, we've needed to surch some information on the net about the most famous and great universities in England. The resources were elegant and attractive at the same time. Both of us were interesting to talk about this topic, first because it our dream to go study there.


Body lenguage and eye contact:
-Did you look at your audience most of the time? I think that I've done it, but this time, I think that I was less prepared thanI should be and I was so stressed that I was often watching my information paper.

-Did you read from your notes? Yes I do most of time because.-Did you do any gestures/movement to hold the attention of your audience? I made a lot of gestures with my arms, it's a way to make me understandable.
Structure:
-Did you organize your ideas in order of importance? Yes we've start explaining of what our presentation consisit after we explained with more details four universities: Oxford, the Imperial of London, Lincoln and Cambridge.
-Did you use discourse markers to make your ideas more clear? Yes I do, like '' then, finally, so, first...''


Content:
-Did you introduce interesting, NEW information to your audience? I think that we've done it , because we've talk about something that should interest a lot of student of our class because next year we'll have to go to the universities, and the English universities are the most great and important.
-Did you look up information/facts/ideas in the internet/books...? we've look for informations and idees in internet.
-Was your information more superficial or more detailed and original? I don't think that the information was too detailed, we gave a general informations but we've specified it when we've talked about each four universities.
Language:
-Did you use check your grammar? yes for a few word that I didn't understand
-Did you use rich vocabulary looking up the dictionary? yes
-Did you use sentences linkers? yes
-Did you use fillers?

Pronunciation & Intonation:
-Did you know how to pronunce all your words? Did you ckeck a pronuntiation with a dictionary, a classmate, or a teacher?
I think that I've improve my pronunciation but I had a dificulty to pronounce the word ''engeenary''

-Did you change your tone of voice or use monotone tone all the time? did you speed in a fluis continuum or with breaks and interruptions? I think that I've used a monoton voice, I've try to talk slowly, but it's true that because of stress, I had some difficulties to remember some things so I've let some informations.

Self-evaluation:
-You are your teacher! what mark did you get? for this time I don't think that I was in my best day so I'll put a 7 honestly.

My second Oral presentation

Human rights as a social contract

Human rights refer to the "basic rights and freedom to which all humans are entitled"Examples of rights and freedoms include civil and political rights, right to life in liberty, freedom of expression, and equality before the law, the right of be a member of a cultural group, the right to food, to work or to receive an education.
''All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood''

To explain how and why human rights become part of social expectations, some theories trend to designate the influence from part of some philosophers. Hume for example says that the human rights point to a moral behaviour which is a human social product developed by a process of biological and social evolution. Philosophers like Hobbes, Locke or Rousseau remark that we need a social contract to live with a minimum of security and to own economic advantages but we have to be subordinate to some rules from a legitimate authority to made respect the law.Socrates and his philosophic heirs, Plato and Aristotil also posited that a natural justice or natural rights exist (dikaion physikon, δικαιον φυσικον, Latin ius naturale).
The development of this tradition of natural justice into one of natural law is usually attributed to the Stoics ( a kind of philosofy wich defend that we have to control our desires and accept the rules of nature and the destiny)

In the XIX th century Thomas Hobbes founded a social contract theory of legal positivism on what all men could agree upon: what they want or look for (happiness) was subjected to contention, but if the most important fear of men is a violent death at the hands of another, a natural law was how a rational human could assure them to survive and prosper. In Hobbes' s opinion, the only way which could prevail or persuade them was to submit men to the commands of the sovereign. In this lay the foundations of the theory of a social contract between the governed and the governor.John Locke incorporated natural law into many of his theories and philosophy.
Locke didn't agree with Hobbes' prescription around, saying that if the ruler went against natural law and failed to protect "life, liberty, and prosperty," people could justifiably overthrow the existing state and create a new one. Locke defend that all human have rights and possesions, the first possession of every men is of course his body, and all men inhere in his work and have the possibility to take advantage of the payoff.
The French philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau suggested the existence of a hypothetical social contract where a group of free individuals agree for the sake of the common good to form institutions to govern themselves. This repeated the earlier postulation by Tomas Hobbes that there is a contract between the government and the governed - and led to John Locke's theory that a failure of the government to secure rights is a failure which justifies the removal of the government. But Rousseau believed and trust in the kindness of men wich Hobbes and Locke desapoint it.

violation:
Depending of the different kinds of cultures, some didn't and still don't agree for the acceptance of some human rights rulls, wich in fact, give place to some international conflicts.For example female genital mutilation occurs in different cultures in Africa, Asia and South America. The most surprising is that it is not mandated by any religion, but has become a tradition in many cultures. It is considered a violation of women's and girl's rights by much of the international community, and it's outlawed in some countries.

Human rights violations occur when any state or non-state breaches any part of the UDHR treaty or other international human rights or humanitarian law. In regard to human rights violations of United Nations laws is the only tribunal that may determine UN human rights violations.
Human rights abuses are controlled by United Nations committees, national institutions and governments and by many independent NGO, such as Amnesty International, World Organisation Against Torture, International Freedom of Expression Exchange...These organisations collect documentation of doubtful human rights abuses and apply pressure to enforce human rights laws.
Only a very few countries don't commit significant human rights violations like the Netherlands, Norway, Denmark, Iceland and Costa Rica. They are the only countries that did not (in their opinion) violate at least some human rights significantly.

Which are the rights missing?
Even if it's not so evident, there are some missing rights such as Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual Trans gender rights. Some issues like same-sex marriage, gay adoption and protection from discrimination are considered to be human rights. There are some organisations which fight for them but it's very difficult to find and accord because this questions is used to be considerate as ambiguous.

At least, for me the most important and basic human rights are those which defend the equality between men and women, the freedom expression, the education, cause I remember that my grand-mother couldn't go to school in her childhood, because she was living in a war conflict, and she really want to own it just for being able to read and write but she couldn't because she had to work.

News: Human Rights violation

Russia/ Georgia: 9th august 2008



The last August 2008, Georgian, Russian and South Ossetian forces committed a lot of violations of the law of war and abig number of human rights. This conflict caused many civilian deaths and injuries and widespread ( widely circulated )destruction on civilian property.
Some attacks by both Georgian and Russian forces, and the South Ossetian forces' campaign of deliberate and systematic destruction of certain ethnic Georgian villages in South Ossetia. It also describes Russia's failure to ensure ( make safe) public order and safety in areas of Georgia that were under its effective control.

South Ossetia is a breakaway region of Georgia that shares a border and has very close ties with Russia. The armed conflict started on August 7, 2008, and lasted until a ceasefire on August 15, with Georgian forces in retreat and Russian forces occupying South Ossetia and, temporarily, undisputed parts of Georgia. In the week of open conflict, and the many weeks after of rampant violence and insecurity in areas under Russia's effective control, hundreds of civilians were killed, and tens of thousands were displaced. Many of them have not been able to return home.

Both Russian and Georgian forces used cluster munitions and dropped multiple rockets causing civilian deaths and putting more civilians at risk by leaving behind unstable "minefields" of unexploded bomblets. Cluster munitions are banned under the Convention on Cluster Munitions, which neither Georgia or Russia has signed.

During this conflict thousand of lives has been destroyed, ethnics and villages has been pillaged. Also great numbers of people to leave their homes for undisputed Georgian territory. But Russia instead to protect civilians, the Russian forces allowed South Ossetian Forces to burn homes and kill, beat, rape and threaten civilians. This kind of attacks are considerate war crimes and they must be prosecuted as a crime against humanity.


So as it's enough clear in this little summary of this news, the main Human right violated are:

Article 2.
Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status. Furthermore, no distinction shall be made on the basis of the political, jurisdictional or international status of the country or territory to which a person belongs, whether it be independent, trust, non-self-governing or under any other limitation of sovereignty.
In this article, it say that nobody has to be subordinate to any superior power. There is no distinction between any kind of differences.

Article 5.
No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.
In this article, we can see that this wright is more then violated in this conflict.

Article 13.
(1) Everyone has the right to freedom of movement and residence within the borders of each state.
(2) Everyone has the right to leave any country, including his own, and to return to his country.

Article 17.
(1) Everyone has the right to own property alone as well as in association with others.
(2) No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his property.
In this news, most of civilians property has been destroyed by the armed fores.

Article 22.
Everyone, as a member of society, has the right to social security and is entitled to realization, through national effort and international co-operation and in accordance with the organization and resources of each State, of the economic, social and cultural rights indispensable for his dignity and the free development of his personality.

News

3 dead, 12 slashed in Belgium day care attack

updated 3:57 p.m. ET Jan. 23, 2009

In Belgium, a man apparently normal, entered in a nursery where he stubbed two babies and a worker and wound 12 others. The parents of the victims rushed in the hospitals. The efforts of the medical workers had been able to save 10 children and two adults with critically wounded.

http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/28808916/

News

Gaza City, 9 Jabuary 2009

Israeli aircraft continued to bomb Gaza overnight. A Security Council resolution called for a ceasefire, access for aid workers and a lasting solution to the conflict.

Overnight, at least 50 air strikes hit Gaza, one attack reportedly killing five Palestinians. Militants fired several rockets into southern Israel. It is estimated 770 Palestinians and 14 Israelis have been killed so far.The children represent the half of the victims of this unjustified war.

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/7820027.stm

Children, who make up more than half of crowded Gaza's 1.4 million people, are the most defenseless victims of the war between Israel and Hamas. The Israeli army has unleashed unprecedented force in its campaign against Hamas militants, who have been taking cover among civilians.

Gaza city

Computers, are they dangerous or useful for us?

Nowadays, the computers are necessary and useful in all the field of life. It's considerate the third big discovering and revolution just after the industrial revolution.

In the moderns societies, it's just impossible to live without this kind of technology like computers, mobiles, cameras... Because it made our life easier. On one hand, we can find in a few seconds all the kind of informations that we want, we can talk with people and see them at the same time and cheaper, because the distance doesn't matter.
Some others can work at home without move and stay closer to their family or children. And then we can also find love virtually or new people all around the world thanks to msn, tchats and forums. Well to sum up, with the computers and Internet we can win time.

But on another hand, this kind of technology can be dangerous for human also if they are addicted to it, the problems that it makes are that we lose the feelings when we used to talk so much by the screen, children spend more time in the video games, locked in virtual world in state to go play out and discover the real world. As we could see in some news, criminal can reach children by tchat and make them believe that they are their friends, ending with kidnappings and paedophilia.
An other negative point that we can added to this list is that the Internet is destroying and ruining the music and cinema industry because we have more facility to obtain them free.

In conclusion, I would say that the computers are indispensable for us nowadays. We can't forget that the Informatica has created a lot of jobs and made our life easier. But if we don't know how to control it we can easily fall in addiction and made us live in a virtual world forgetting the essential of the real life.